When Tech Revives a Prehistoric Wolf: The Genetic Gamble of Colossal Biosciences 🧬

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Three wolf pups were born between October 2024 and January 2025 in the United States. The start-up Colossal Biosciences presents them as replicas of the Canis Dirus, a species that went extinct about 10,000 years ago. Thanks to biotechnology, the company claims to have revived this “dire wolf,” an iconic figure of North America’s prehistoric fauna.

A Complex and Experimental Genetic Approach 🔬

The specimens—named Romulus, Remus, and Khaleesi—are the result of extensive work on fossil DNA. Scientists used a 13,000-year-old tooth and a 72,000-year-old skull. Through genome sequencing and the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, they modified the DNA of modern gray wolves to incorporate traits from the Canis Dirus.

The ancient DNA was first compared with that of modern canids: wolves, jackals, and foxes. Researchers identified 14 key genes with 20 specific variations, which were the only sequences targeted for modification. In the lab, they used genetic « scissors » to cut and insert these elements into the gray wolf genome.

The modified nuclei were then implanted into dog ova that had been stripped of their original DNA. Out of 45 embryos, only two produced viable pups. Their impressive appearance—1.60 meters long, 60 kg, white fur, and sharp fangs—evokes a return to the Ice Age. Yet, experts caution that this is not a complete resurrection of the extinct species.

A Technical Feat That Divides the Scientific Community ⚖️

Geneticists like Nadir Alvarez argue that these animals are still genetically modified organisms (GMOs). They share only part of the Canis Dirus genetic heritage, despite their physical resemblance. He nonetheless praises the achievement of targeting specific genes to reproduce such morphology.

He emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between visual recreation and genetic reality. According to him, Colossal Biosciences’ communication might misleadingly suggest that it is truly possible to “resurrect” species. He reminds us that this is still an experimental process, with limited ecological applications for now. Interestingly, this species—now partially recreated—was popularized by the TV series Game of Thrones.

Ethical and Environmental Implications Remain Unclear 🌍

Colossal justifies its efforts by citing the potential to save endangered species through biotechnology. Prototypes like the recently revealed woolly mice are meant to test genetic combinations toward that goal. However, scientists admit that current tools are not yet accurate enough to guarantee exact outcomes.

Many researchers also warn of the risks. Reintroducing extinct species into ecosystems already altered by humans and technology could create new imbalances. And while these breakthroughs may suggest that science can fix everything, they could also undermine existing biodiversity conservation policies.

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